Animal Info - India


Contents

Threatened Species, Environmental and Social Data (Mammals, Biodiversity/Ecosystems, Population, Area/Land Use, Protected Lands, Economy, Education), References and Links

Threatened Species

Threatened Species: The following list includes all mammals which occur in India and are rated as Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable (VU) in the 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. 

Environmental and Social Data

Mammals

Total number of species: 316 (Groombridge & Jenkins 1994)
Number of endemic species: 44 (Groombridge & Jenkins 1994)
Number of threatened species: 1996: 75 (23.7 % of total species) (IUCN 1996); 2000: 90 (28% of total species) (IUCN 2000)

Biodiversity/Ecosystems

India contains the Western Ghats Moist Forests, Andaman Islands Forests, Eastern Indian Monsoon Forests, and Western Ghat Rivers & Streams Global 200 Ecoregions as well as portions of the Sumatran-Nicobar Islands Lowland Forests, Northeastern India & Myanmar Hill Forests, Middle Asian Mountains Temperate Forests, Western Himalayan Temperate Forests, Eastern Himalayan Broadleaf & Conifer Forests, Eastern Himalayan Alpine Meadows, Tibetan Plateau Steppe, Terai-Duar Savannas & Grasslands, Sundarbans Mangroves, Indus River Delta & Rann of Kutch, Maldives/Lakshadweep & Chagos Marine Ecosystems, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands Marine Ecosystems Global 200 Ecoregions (Olson & Dinerstein 1998, Olson & Dinerstein 1999)
India contains portions of the Eastern Himalayas and the Sri Lanka & Western Ghats of India Global Biodiversity Hotspots (Cons. Intl. 1999a)
India is a Megadiversity Country (Cons. Intl. 1999b)

Population

Population in 1995: 930,642,000 (Natl. Geog. Soc. 1995)
Population density in 1995: 283.1 people/sq km (733.2 people/sq mi) (Natl. Geog. Soc. 1995)
Population in 1998: 984,003,683 (World Almanac 1999)
Average population growth rate, 1980 - 1990: 2.1 % (World Bank 1992)

Area/Land Use

Area: 3,287,591 sq km (1,269,346 sq mi) (Natl. Geog. Soc. 1995)
Percentages of primary world ecosystem types:

(Groombridge 1992)

Percent of land area classified as the following degree of human disturbance: Low: 2 %; Medium: 42 %; High: 55 % (WRI 1994)

Protected Lands

Area: 137,710 sq km (53,156 sq mi) (Groombridge 1992)
Percent of land protected: 1.4 % totally protected; 2.95 % partially protected; 4.35 % totally or partially protected (Groombridge 1992)

Economy

Per capita GNP ($ U.S.) (1991): $330 (WRI 1994)
Per capita GDP ($ U.S.) (1996): $1,600 (World Almanac 1999)

Education

Percent of females in secondary education (1989): 31 % (World Bank 1992)
Percent adult literacy: Female: 34 % (1990), 20 % (1970); Male: 62 % (1990), 47 % (1970) (WRI 1994)

References and Links

References: Cons. Intl. 1999a, Cons. Intl. 1999b, Groombridge 1992, Groombridge & Jenkins 1994, IUCN 1994, IUCN 1996, IUCN 2000, IUCN 2004, Natl. Geog. Soc. 1995, Olson & Dinerstein 1998, Olson & Dinerstein 1999, World Almanac 1999, World Bank 1992, WRI 1994

General Links (After you get to one of these sites, click on the link for India): CIA World Factbook, Foreign Embassies of Washington, D.C., Library of Congress - Country Studies, University of Texas - Country Maps, Washington Post - Countries, World Resources Institute - Country Profiles 

Links for India: C. P. Ramaswami Environmental Education Centre, IndianNGOs.com (Non-Governmental Organizations), Project Tiger Directorate, River Dolphins of India, United Nations Development Program: India, U.S. Agency for International Development Programs: India, Wildlife Institute of India, Wildlife Protection Society of India, Wildlife Trust of India, WWF/World Wide Fund for Nature - India

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By: Paul Massicot; Last modified: March 20, 2006; © 1999 - 2006 Animal Info