Animal Info - Indonesia


Contents

Threatened Species, Environmental and Social Data (Mammals, Biodiversity/Ecosystems, Population, Area/Land Use, Protected Lands, Economy, Education), References and Links

Threatened Species

Threatened Species: The following list includes all mammals which occur in Indonesia and are rated as Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable (VU) in the 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. 

Environmental and Social Data

Mammals

Total number of species: 436 (Groombridge & Jenkins 1994)
Number of endemic species: 201 (Groombridge & Jenkins 1994)
Number of threatened species: 1996: 128 (25 % of total species) (IUCN 1996); 2000: 140 (32 % of total species) (IUCN 2000)

Biodiversity/Ecosystems

Indonesia contains the Sumatran Montane Forests, Sulawesi Moist Forests, Moluccas Moist Forests, Lesser Sundas Dry & Monsoon Forests, Maoke Range Alpine Heathlands, Central Sulawesi Lakes, Sundaland & Eastern Indonesian Archipelago Mangroves, and Banda-Flores Seas Marine Ecosystems Global 200 Ecoregions as well as portions of the Sumatran-Nicobar Islands Lowland Forests, Central Borneo Montane Forests, Northern Borneo-Palawan Moist Forests, New Guinea Montane Forests, New Guinea Lowland Forests, Northern Australia & Trans-Fly Savannas, Sundaland Rivers & Swamps, New Guinea Rivers & Streams, Lakes Kutubu & Sentani, New Guinea Mangroves, Sulawesi Sea, and Northern New Guinea & Coral Sea Marine Ecosystem Global 200 Ecoregions (Olson & Dinerstein 1998, Olson & Dinerstein 1999)
Indonesia contains the Wallacea (Eastern Indonesia) Global Biodiversity Hotspot and portions of the Western Sunda Global Biodiversity Hotspot (Cons. Intl. 1999a)
Indonesia is a Megadiversity Country (Cons. Intl. 1999b)

Population

Population in 1995: 198,402,000 (Natl. Geog. Soc. 1995)
Population density in 1995: 103.4 people/sq km (267.7 people/sq mi) (Natl. Geog. Soc. 1995)
Population in 1998: 212,941,810 (World Almanac 1999)
Average population growth rate, 1980 - 1990: 1.8 % (World Bank 1992)

Area/Land Use

Area: 1,919,443 sq km (741,101 sq mi) (Natl. Geog. Soc. 1995)
Percentages of primary world ecosystem types:

(Groombridge 1992)

Percent of land area classified as the following degree of human disturbance: Low: 52 %; Medium: 10 %; High: 38 % (WRI 1994)

Protected Lands

Area: 192,310 sq km (74,232 sq mi) (Groombridge 1992)
Percent of land protected: 7.19 % totally protected; 2.83 % partially protected; 10.02 % totally or partially protected (Groombridge 1992)

Economy

Per capita GNP ($ U.S.) (1991): $592 (WRI 1994)
Per capita GDP ($ U.S.) (1996): $3,770 (World Almanac 1999)

Education

Percent of females in secondary education (1989): 43 % (World Bank 1992)
Percent adult literacy: Female: 68 % (1990), 42 % (1970); Male: 84 % (1990), 66 % (1970) (WRI 1994)

References and Links

References: Cons. Intl. 1999a, Cons. Intl. 1999b, Groombridge 1992, Groombridge & Jenkins 1994, IUCN 1994, IUCN 1996, IUCN 2000, Natl. Geog. Soc. 1995, Olson & Dinerstein 1998, Olson & Dinerstein 1999, World Almanac 1999, World Bank 1992, WRI 1994

General Links (After you get to one of these sites, click on the link for Indonesia): CIA World Factbook, Foreign Embassies of Washington, D.C., Library of Congress - Country Studies, University of Texas - Country Maps, Washington Post - Countries, World Resources Institute - Country Profiles 

Links for Indonesia: Conservation International - Indonesia, Nature Conservation in Indonesia, The Nature Conservancy - Indonesia,  United Nations Development Program - Indonesia (English and Indonesian), U.S. Agency for International Development Programs - Indonesia, World Wide Web Virtual Library - Indonesia, World Wildlife Fund - Indonesia, World Wildlife Fund Expeditions - Heart of Borneo

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By: Paul Massicot; Last modified: February 18, 2006; © 1999 - 2006 Animal Info