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1. Profile (Picture)
2. Tidbits
3. Status and Trends (IUCN Status, Countries Where
Currently Found, Population Estimates, History of Distribution, Threats and Reasons
for Decline)
4. Data on Biology and Ecology (Weight, Habitat, Gestation Period, Birth
Season, Birth Rate, Social Organization)
5. References
Picture: Mountain Anoa (27 Kb JPEG) (Decin Zool. Garden)
The anoa is a miniature water buffalo, similar in appearance to a deer, weighing 150 -
300 kg (330 - 660 lb). It lives in undisturbed montane
forest. Anoa apparently are found singly or in pairs, rather than herds, except when the
cows are about to give birth. One young is born per year.
The mountain anoa's range has probably always been restricted to the mountainous areas of
Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia, and possibly nearby
islands such as Buton. Too few data exist to quantify its status, but it appears to be
widely distributed on Sulawesi. There is little doubt that it has been in decline since
the beginning of the 20th century, and there is no doubt that it has declined over the
1970 - 1995 period, precipitously in some areas. (CBSG 1996)
Reasons for the mountain anoa's decline include hunting for hide, horns and meat by the
natives; shooting by the military; and loss of habitat due to the advancement of
settlement. Currently, hunting is the more serious factor in most areas. It does not
appear to be adaptable to humans.
*** Anoas are unusual among the wild cattle of Southeast Asia because they are one of the few to depend mainly on undisturbed forest.
*** Very little is known about the ecology, behavior or general biology of the mountain anoa.
2004: Occurs on the island of Sulawesi (= Celebes) (Indonesia) (IUCN 2004).
[Note: Figures given are for wild populations only.]
The mountain anoa's range has probably always been restricted to the mountainous areas of Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia, and nearby islands such as Buton. Too few data exist to quantify its status, but it appears to be widely distributed on Sulawesi. There is little doubt that it has been in decline since the beginning of the 20th century, and there is no doubt that it has declined over the 1970 - 1995 period, precipitously in some areas. (CBSG 1996)
Reasons for the mountain anoa's decline include hunting for hide, horns and meat by the natives; shooting by the military; and loss of habitat due to the advancement of settlement. Currently, hunting is the more serious factor in most areas. It does not appear to be adaptable to humans.
The mountain anoa weighs 150 - 300 kg (330 - 660 lb).
The mountain anoa is found in undisturbed montane forest.
The mountain anoa is one of the species that live in both the Wallacea Biodiversity Hotspot (Cons. Intl. 2005) and the Sulawesi Moist Forests Global 200 Ecoregion. (Olson & Dinerstein 1998, Olson & Dinerstein 1999)
275 - 315 days.
There is apparently no specific birth season.
1 young per year.
Anoa apparently associate in pairs, rather than herds, except when the cows are about to give birth.
Burton & Pearson 1987, CBSG 1996, Cons. Intl. 2005, Curry-Lindahl 1972, Decin Zool. Garden, IUCN 1966, IUCN 1994, IUCN 1996, IUCN 2000, IUCN 2003a, IUCN 2004, Macdonald 1984, Melisch 1995, Nowak & Paradiso 1983, Olson & Dinerstein 1998, Olson & Dinerstein 1999
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By: Paul Massicot; Last modified: March 5, 2005; Š 1999 -
2005 Animal Info
